香花崖豆藤的园林应用初探

介绍了香花崖豆藤的园林美化、生态及经济等园林应用价值,并讨论了其在园林绿化中的应用前景。     

Characteristics and development prospect of several Ornamental shrimp species

概述了主要观赏虾的分布,介绍几种观赏虾包括水晶虾、拳师虾、清洁虾、蜜蜂虾和蓝魔虾的形态、色泽、行为特征、水质要求等特性,并分析观赏虾的发展前景。     

花卉植物对重金属污染土壤修复能力的研究

[目的]研究花卉植物对重金属污染土壤修复能力。[方法]在中山某小区内取8种花卉植物以及土壤,按照国家标准测定了花卉植物的根茎叶及土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的含量。[结果]花卉植物对重金属污染土壤修复能力大小顺序为ZnCdCuCrPb,花卉对重金属的积累能力大小顺序为CrZnCuCdPb。[结论]土壤中存在一定的重金属污染。花卉植物对重金属污染土壤有一定的修复能力和转移能力。     

灌木平茬装备研究亟待突破

介绍了灌木的生态和经济价值、灌木平茬设备的研究现状,分析了国内灌木平茬设备需求的迫切性,指出了灌木平茬设备的重点研究方向。     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木柠条锦鸡儿根—土界面剪切特性

[目的]分析不同因素对根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的影响,为深入探讨青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木根系固土护坡机制提供理论依据。[方法]以区内优势灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)为研究对象,通过根—土界面直剪试验,分析根径级别为2.20±1.00～32.00±1.80 mm以及土体含水量、干密度和含盐量分别为6.00%～22.00%,1.20～1.60 g/cm³,0.59%～2.50%的条件下,各因素对柠条锦鸡儿根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的影响规律。[结果]在其他影响因素恒定的情况下,根径对根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度无显著影响(p>0.05)。随着土体含水量由6.00%增大到22.00%,根—土界面黏聚力呈先增大后减小的趋势,当土体含水量达到14.00%时黏聚力达到峰值6.74 kPa;根—土界面摩擦角由21.40°降低至15.75°,呈线性函数降低趋势;根—土界面抗剪强度呈线性函数降低趋势。随着土体干密度由1.20 g/cm³增长至1.60 g/cm³,根—土界面黏聚力由...     

海南坡鹿对采食部位的选择与饲草酸性洗涤纤维含量的相关性

在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内用食痕法(evidence of feeding on forage)观测海南坡鹿Cervus eldi hainanus(简称坡鹿)对18种草本和18种灌木类饲草的采食部分占整株草本植株或占整枝灌木主枝条的尺寸比,同时测定各饲草的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量.结果显示,按旱季与雨季的(全年)平均值,坡鹿对草本类饲草的采食尺寸比为49.29%,对灌木类饲草为57.3%;草本类饲草的ADF含量为9.91%,灌木类饲草为9.19%;无论草本还是灌木类,坡鹿的采食尺寸比随饲草ADF含量的增加而显著降低.研究表明,在大田自然保护区围栏内,坡鹿对ADF含量在10%以上的饲草不喜食,饲草纤维物质含量是坡鹿在围栏内扩充采食部位以增加营养摄入量的限制性因子,在旱季种植并收割饲草投喂坡鹿时,应避免其纤维物质含量增高.     

6种观赏竹在关中地区引种栽培试验研究

在陕西省楼观台实验林场,对1999年从浙江安吉、四川大足和江苏南京等地引进的黄秆京竹（Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.aureocaulis）、寿竹（P.bambusoides f.shouzhu）、金竹（P.sulphurea）、矢竹（Pseudosasa japonica）、白纹阴阳竹（Hibanobambus tranguillans f.shiroshima）、黎竹（Acidosasa venusta）等4属6种观赏竹的成活率、生物学特征特性、耐寒性、对竹蚧的抗性、栽培措施等进行了观察研究.结果表明,所引种的6种观赏竹可以在关中地区安全生长,并有向北进一步推广的潜力.栽植中应注意黄秆京竹和金竹竹蚧的防治.     

8个灌木树种的降温能力试验

应用TRM-ZS4型环境梯度监测系统对桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、红枫(Acer palmatum)、紫竹(Phyllostachys nigra)、紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、凤尾竹(Bambusa multiplex cv.fernleaf)8个灌木树种降温能力进行了监测分析.结果表明:灌木树种在3.0m处的降温能力最能代表树种降温水平,8个灌木树种在3.0 m处的降温效果,呈现了“双峰”变化趋势,11:00点及15:00左右出现降温高峰,这种变化与植物“光合午休”现象较为一致,8个树种分成3个降温类型:桂花和红枫2个树种对环境整体降温能力强,尤其在3.0m高度层平均降温0.69℃,紫丁香、紫薇、紫叶李、紫竹等4个植物对环境整体降温较强,尤其对底层空间的降温强于其他灌木,海桐、凤尾竹2个植物对空间的降温能力一般.     

Water utilization patterns around isolated Acacia karroo trees in the False Thornveld of the eastern Cape

The effect of various vegetation treatments on two soil moisture regimes (i.e. the proportion of the experimental period where the soil had sufficient water for: (a) growth, and (b) to keep the plants turgid in the vicinity of experimentally isolated A. karroo trees) was monitored over a two‐year period. Removal of all vegetation had the greatest effect on soil moisture, increasing the moisture regime by around 200%. Grass removal had the next most significant effect, increasing moisture regimes within 9 m of the tree by around 100%. Removal of the tree had the smallest significant effect, increasing the moisture regime by less than 20%. There was no significant difference in the moisture regime surrounding trees with heights ranging between 1,4 m and 2,5 m, or where various combinations of tree and/or grass defoliations were implemented. We conclude that water supply to the trees is enhanced when soil water extraction is reduced (e.g. during winter or when the sward is harmed) and argue that this may be a mechanism of accelerating bush encroachment in semi‐arid savannas.